14 Powerful AI Chatbot Platforms for Businesses 2023

Furthermore, according to Tegos et al. (2020), investigation on integration and application of chatbots is still warranted in the real-world educational settings. Therefore, the objective of this study is first to address research gaps based on literature, application, and design and development strategies for EC. Next, by situating the study based on these selected research gaps, the effectiveness of EC is explored for team-based projects in a design course using a quasi-experimental approach. AI education chatbots are interactive digital tools that use artificial intelligence and natural language processing to simulate human-like conversations with students.

Neuroscience offers valuable insights into biological intelligence that can inform AI development. For example, the brain’s oscillatory neural activity facilitates efficient communication between distant areas, utilizing rhythms like theta-gamma to transmit information. This can be likened to advanced data transmission systems, where certain brain waves highlight unexpected stimuli for optimal processing. Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCIs) represent the cutting edge of human-AI integration, translating thoughts into digital commands. Companies like Neuralink are pioneering interfaces that enable direct device control through thought, unlocking new possibilities for individuals with physical disabilities.

Its Product Recommendation Quiz is used by Shopify on the official Shopify Hardware store. It is also GDPR & CCPA compliant to ensure you provide visitors with choice on their data collection. You can also embed your bot on 10 different channels, such as Facebook Messenger, Line, Telegram, Skype, etc. You can also contact leads, conduct drip campaigns, share links, and schedule messages. This way, campaigns become convenient, and you can send them in batches of SMS in advance. Hit the ground running – Master Tidio quickly with our extensive resource library.

Moreover, it can be a platform to provide standard information such as rubrics, learning resources, and contents (Cunningham-Nelson et al., 2019). According to Meyer von Wolff et al (2020), chatbots are a suitable instructional tool for higher education and student are acceptive towards its application. Over time, chatbot algorithms became capable of more complex rules-based programming and even natural language processing, enabling customer queries to be expressed in a conversational way. This gave rise to a new type of chatbot, contextually aware and armed with machine learning to continuously optimize its ability to correctly process and predict queries through exposure to more and more human language. To get the most from an organization’s existing data, enterprise-grade chatbots can be integrated with critical systems and orchestrate workflows inside and outside of a CRM system.

Furthermore, by incorporating Augmented Reality (AR) technology, avatars can be launched and video calls can be enabled on social platforms such as Kuki.ai, thereby adding a layer of personal interaction. Looking ahead, allowing students to select specific design aspects of AICs, similar to choosing linguistic features such as target level or accent, could be a crucial step in creating a more adaptive and personalized learning experience. In our study, the term ‘perceptions’ is defined, following Chuah and Kabilan’s approach (2021), as users’ attitudes and opinions towards their interactions with chatbots in education. This encompasses aspects such as perceived usefulness, acceptance, and potential interest.

Chatbot use cases in education

You can foun additiona information about ai customer service and artificial intelligence and NLP. Addressing these gaps in the existing literature would significantly benefit the field of education. Firstly, further research on the impacts of integrating chatbots can shed light on their long-term sustainability and how their advantages persist over time. This knowledge is crucial for educators and policymakers to make informed decisions about the continued integration of chatbots into educational systems.

Chatbots for education are designed to enhance the learning experience by providing immediate and tailored support to students, simulating a personal tutor for each learner. These chatbots can be integrated into existing learning management systems or used as standalone tools, making them accessible and flexible for institutions and students alike. Chat GPT In terms of the educational role, slightly more than half of the studies used teaching agents, while 13 studies (36.11%) used peer agents. Only two studies presented a teachable agent, and another two studies presented a motivational agent. Teaching agents gave students tutorials or asked them to watch videos with follow-up discussions.

Furthermore, ECs were found to provide value and learning choices (Yin et al., 2021), which in return is beneficial in customizing learning preferences (Tamayo et al., 2020). The Design Experience dimension (DEX) underscored the importance of user-friendly interfaces and engaging multimedia content in fostering user engagement and satisfaction. The findings uncovered the necessity for enhancements in adaptive user interfaces, as well as the incorporation of social media and emerging technologies, to simulate the human-student interaction and enrich the language learning experience.

Most chatbots are accessible via a web platform, and a fewer chatbots were available on mobile and desktop platforms. This choice can be explained by the flexibility the web platform offers as it potentially supports multiple devices, including laptops, mobile phones, etc. In general, the studies conducting evaluation studies involved asking participants to take a test after being involved in an activity with the chatbot. The results of the evaluation studies (Table 12) point to various findings such as increased motivation, learning, task completeness, and high subjective satisfaction and engagement. Moreover, it has been found that teaching agents use various techniques to engage students. Five articles (13.88%) presented desktop-based chatbots, which were utilized for various purposes.

Subsequently, this method offers valuable insights into improving the learning journey. Chatbots in education serve as valuable administrative companions for both prospective and existing students. Instead of enduring the hassle of visiting the office and waiting in long queues for answers, students can simply text the chatbots to quickly resolve their queries.

Each has some unique characteristics and nuanced differences in how developers built and trained them, though these differences are not significant for our purposes as educators. We encourage you to try accessing these chatbots as you explore their capabilities. Yes, the Facebook Messenger chatbot uses artificial intelligence (AI) to communicate with people. It is an automated messaging tool integrated into the Messenger app.Find out more about Facebook chatbots, how they work, and how to build one on your own. After all, you’ve got to wrap your head around not only chatbot apps or builders but also social messaging platforms, chatbot analytics, and Natural Language Processing (NLP) or Machine Learning (ML). Drift is the best AI platform for B2B businesses that can engage customers by conversational marketing.

These chatbots can understand and respond to student queries, provide information, and even offer personalized learning experiences. However, the study also highlights the challenges that need to be addressed, such as the requirement for more sophisticated AI algorithms capable of adjusting to the learner’s proficiency level and the improvement of speech technologies. This suggests the need for evolving teaching methods and curricula to more effectively incorporate AICs, emphasizing the enhancement of their capabilities for providing contextually rich and varied linguistic experiences.

Six (16.66%) articles presented educational chatbots that exclusively operate on a mobile platform (e.g., phone, tablet). Examples include Rexy (Benedetto & Cremonesi, 2019), which helps students enroll in courses, shows exam results, and gives feedback. Another example is the E-Java Chatbot (Daud et al., 2020), a virtual tutor that teaches the Java programming language. Winkler and Söllner (2018) reviewed 80 articles to analyze recent trends in educational chatbots.

This empowers developers to create, test, and deploy natural language experiences. You can also use the advanced analytics dashboard for real-life insights to improve the bot’s performance and your company’s services. It is one of the best chatbot platforms that monitors the bot’s performance and customizes it based on user behavior. It’s predicted that 95% of customer interactions will be powered by chatbots by 2025. So get a head start and go through the top chatbot platforms to see what they’ve got to offer.

Instant Feedback

Natural Conversational Interaction (#7NCI) pertains to the chatbot’s ability to emulate the natural flow and dynamics of human conversation. It involves several key elements, such as maintaining a contextually relevant conversation, understanding and responding appropriately to user inputs, demonstrating empathy, and adapting the language style and tone to suit the learner’s preferences. The goal is to create a conversation that not only provides informative and accurate responses but also engages users in a manner that simulates a human-to-human interaction. None of the AICs reached the desired level of conversational naturalness, as participants found their responses predictable and lacking the adaptability seen in human tutors. Participants were third-year-college students enrolled in two subjects on Applied Linguistics taught over the course of 4 months, with two-hour sessions being held twice a week.

Unable to interpret natural language, these FAQs generally required users to select from simple keywords and phrases to move the conversation forward. Such rudimentary, traditional chatbots are unable to process complex questions, nor answer simple questions that haven’t been predicted by developers. While conversational AI chatbots can digest a users’ questions or comments and generate a human-like response, generative AI chatbots can take this a step further by generating new content as the output. This new content can include high-quality text, images and sound based on the LLMs they are trained on. Chatbot interfaces with generative AI can recognize, summarize, translate, predict and create content in response to a user’s query without the need for human interaction. By leveraging the capabilities of chatbots for students, educators can create a holistic learning experience that caters to individual needs, fosters engagement, and empowers students to achieve academic success.

In 2023, AI chatbots are transforming the education industry with their versatile applications. Among the numerous use cases of chatbots, there are several industry-specific applications of AI chatbots in education. Institutions seeking support in any of these areas can implement chatbots and anticipate remarkable outcomes.

The metadata of the studies containing; title, abstract, type of article (conference, journal, short paper), language, and keywords were extracted in a file format (e.g., bib file format). Subsequently, it was imported into the Rayyan tool Footnote 6, which allowed for reviewing, including, excluding, and filtering the articles collaboratively by the authors. The Explain My Answer option provides learners with an opportunity to delve deeper into their responses. By selecting a button following specific exercise types, users engage in a chat with Duo, receiving a concise explanation about their answers. Involving AI assistants in administrative tasks raises the overall efficiency of educational institutions, reducing wait times for students.

Italy became the first Western country to ban ChatGPT (Browne, 2023) after the country’s data protection authority called on OpenAI to stop processing Italian residents’ data. They claimed that ChatGPT did not comply with the European General Data Protection Regulation. However, after OpenAI clarified the data privacy issues with Italian data protection authority, ChatGPT returned to Italy. To avoid cheating on school homework and assignments, ChatGPT was also blocked in all New York school devices and networks so that students and teachers could no longer access it (Elsen-Rooney, 2023; Li et al., 2023). These examples highlight the lack of readiness to embrace recently developed AI tools. There are numerous concerns that must be addressed in order to gain broader acceptance and understanding.

When the user provides answers compatible with the flow, the interaction feels smooth. In this approach, the agent acts as a novice and asks students to guide them along a learning route. Rather than directly contributing to the learning process, motivational agents serve as companions to students and encourage positive behavior and learning (Baylor, 2011). These bots offer individualized support to learners, providing guidance, and aiding in workload management for both teachers and educatee. By streamlining routine activities, chatbots help pedagogues focus on delivering high-quality knowledge and monitoring attendees’ progress.

As the educational landscape continues to evolve, the rise of AI-powered chatbots emerges as a promising solution to effectively address some of these issues. Some educational institutions are increasingly turning to AI-powered chatbots, recognizing their relevance, while others are more cautious and do not rush to adopt them in modern educational settings. Consequently, a substantial body of academic literature is dedicated to investigating the role of AI chatbots https://chat.openai.com/ in education, their potential benefits, and threats. As Conversational AI and Generative AI continue to advance, chatbots in education will become even more intuitive and interactive. They will play an increasingly vital role in personalized learning, adapting to individual student preferences and learning styles. Moreover, chatbots will foster seamless communication between educators, students, and parents, promoting better engagement and learning outcomes.

For education services looking to expand their reach and enrollments, chatbots are effective lead generators. By handling inquiries and routing promising leads to human reps, chatbots streamline the admissions process and boost conversion rates. In our review process, we carefully adhered to the inclusion and exclusion criteria specified in Table 2.

Elements such as the chatbot interface and multimedia content hold substantial importance in this regard. An intuitive and user-friendly interface enriches the overall user experience and encourages interaction (Chocarro et al., 2021; Yang, 2022). Additionally, the incorporation of engaging multimedia content, including videos, images, and other emerging technologies, can also increase users’ attention and engagement (Jang et al., 2021; Kim et al., 2019).

Although Andy scores slightly higher, it still reveals a need for more adaptable conversation styles for advanced learners. The satisfaction levels in the LEX dimension may also depend on the chatbots’ design relative to students’ levels, with significant differences observed among the four AICs. For example, while Buddy.ai is oriented towards developing oral skills in children at a lower level, John Bot and Andy are designed for vocabulary and grammar building through role-playing interactions at more intermediate levels.

Based on my initial explorations of the current capabilities and limitations of both types of chatbots, I opted for scripted chatbots. Some studies mentioned limitations such as inadequate or insufficient dataset training, lack of user-centered design, students losing interest in the chatbot over time, and some distractions. Studies that used questionnaires as a form of evaluation assessed subjective satisfaction, perceived usefulness, educational chatbots and perceived usability, apart from one study that assessed perceived learning (Table 11). Assessing students’ perception of learning and usability is expected as questionnaires ultimately assess participants’ subjective opinions, and thus, they don’t objectively measure metrics such as students’ learning. One of them presented in (D’mello & Graesser, 2013) asks the students a question, then waits for the student to write an answer.

They offer students guidance, motivation, and emotional support—elements that AI cannot completely replicate. Nevertheless, Wang et al. (2021) claims while the application of chatbots in education are novel, it is also impacted by scarcity. Nevertheless, while this absence is inevitable, it also provides a potential for exploring innovations in educational technology across disciplines (Wang et al., 2021).

With chatbots by your side, you can overcome challenges and create a dynamic, effective, and innovative learning space. As technology continues to evolve, we can expect even more innovative and impactful education chatbot examples in the future. SPACE10 (IKEA’s research and design lab) published a fascinating survey asking people what characteristics they would like to see in a virtual AI assistant.

In this study, we carefully look at the interaction style in terms of who is in control of the conversation, i.e., the chatbot or the user. This AI chatbot for higher education addresses inquiries about various aspects from the admission process to daily academic life. These range from guidance on bike parking or locating specific classrooms to offering support during times of loneliness or illness. Cara also provides insights into what’s bugging students and helps them engage with the university. These intelligent assistants are capable of answering queries, providing instant feedback, offering study resources, and guiding educatee through academic content. Besides, institutions can integrate bots into knowledge management systems, websites, or standalone applications.

Adopting EUD tools to build chatbots would accelerate the adoption of the technology in various fields. A notable example of a study using questionnaires is ‘Rexy,’ a configurable educational chatbot discussed in (Benedetto & Cremonesi, 2019). The questionnaires elicited feedback from participants and mainly evaluated the effectiveness and usefulness of learning with Rexy. However, a few participants pointed out that it was sufficient for them to learn with a human partner. While the identified limitations are relevant, this study identifies limitations from other perspectives such as the design of the chatbots and the student experience with the educational chatbots.

The model, which comprises three dimensions (LEX, DEX, UEX), has allowed for a comprehensive assessment of the AICs across multiple facets. This suggests that while these tools have made strides in providing language-related features, there is still room for improvement, particularly in terms of maintaining contextually relevant dialogues and varying sentence complexity based on the learner’s level. The findings indicate other key potential areas for AIC improvement to better cater to users’ proficiency levels. The development of LLM-power chatbots could help avoid irrelevant responses often resulting from an over-reliance on pre-set answers, as indicated by Jeon (2021). For the interaction, detailed instructions were provided via Moodle, with the aim not to measure the participants’ English learning progress, but to enable critical analysis of each AIC as future educators.

In such a way, institutions commit to academic excellence and foster positive student experiences. During holiday periods, when learners might face difficulties reaching teachers, chatbots become valuable tools for assistance. They facilitate communication of homework details, schedules, and answer queries. Furthermore, they aid in conducting assessments, even in courses requiring subjective evaluations. AI chatbots for education offer backup throughout university life, from the admission process to post-course assistance. They act beyond classroom activities as campus guides, providing valuable information on facilities and helping students.

Additional research is required to investigate the role and potential of these newer chatbots in the field of education. Therefore, our paper focuses on reviewing and discussing the findings of these new-generation chatbots’ use in education, including their benefits and challenges from the perspectives of both educators and students. This study report theoretical and practical contributions in the area of educational chatbots. Firstly, given the novelty of chatbots in educational research, this study enriched the current body of knowledge and literature in EC design characteristics and impact on learning outcomes. Even though the findings are not practically satisfactory with positive outcomes regarding the affective-motivational learning outcomes, ECs as tutor support did facilitate teamwork and cognitive outcomes that support project-based learning in design education.

Chatbots in education

His bigger idea, though, is to experiment with building tools and strategies to help guide these chatbots to reduce bias based on race, class and gender. One possibility, he says, is to develop an additional chatbot that would look over an answer from, say, ChatGPT, before it is sent to a user to reconsider whether it contains bias. Explore chatbot design for streamlined and efficient experiences within messaging apps while overcoming design challenges. Take this 5-minute assessment to find out where you can optimize your customer service interactions with AI to increase customer satisfaction, reduce costs and drive revenue. For example, an e-commerce company could deploy a chatbot to provide browsing customers with more detailed information about the products they’re viewing. The HR department of an enterprise organization might ask a developer to find a chatbot that can give employees integrated access to all of their self-service benefits.

• This study identifies a need for more active collaboration in the EC group and commitment for the CT group.
• The findings point to improved learning, high usefulness, and subjective satisfaction.
• These participants were being trained to become English language teachers, and the learning module on chatbot integration into language learning was strategically incorporated into the syllabus of both subjects, taught by the researchers.
• They facilitate communication of homework details, schedules, and answer queries.

6, the illustration describes changes in each group (EC and CT) pre and post-intervention. First, teamwork showed an increasing trend for EC, whereas CT showed slight changes pre and post-intervention. We encourage you to organize your colleagues to complete these modules together or facilitate a workshop using our Do-it-yourself Workshop Kits on AI in education. Consider how you might adapt, remix, or enhance these resources for your needs. Claude, the name of the large language model and chatbot developed by Anthropic, uses a different method of training from GPT and Bard that aims to focus on safety and helpfulness.

Such a unique approach ensures that everyone receives tailored support, promoting better comprehension and knowledge retention. The widespread adoption of chatbots and their increasing accessibility has sparked contrasting reactions across different sectors, leading to considerable confusion in the field of education. Among educators and learners, there is a notable trend—while learners are excited about chatbot integration, educators’ perceptions are particularly critical.

Qualitative data, obtained from in-class discussions and assessment reports submitted through the Moodle platform, were systematically coded and categorized using QDA Miner. The goal was to analyse and identify the main benefits and drawbacks of each AIC as perceived by teacher candidates. These themes were cross-referenced with the different components of the CHISM model to establish correlations as shown in Table 7. Frequency in the table refers to the number of observations made in the sample of textual data based on the written assessments provided by participants. The research was carried out following the regulations set by each institution for interventions with human subjects, as approved by their respective Ethical Committees. Participants provided written consent for the publication of their interactions with chatbots for academic purposes.

Bard, a generative AI chatbot developed by Google, relies on the Pathways Language Model (PaLM) large language model. Once you know which platform is best for you, remember to follow the best bot design practices to increase its performance and satisfy customers. This product is also a great way to power Messenger marketing campaigns for abandoned carts. You can keep track of your performance with detailed analytics available on this AI chatbot platform.

After a trigger occurs a sequence of messages is delivered until the next anticipated user response. Each user response is used in the decision tree to help the chatbot navigate the response sequences to deliver the correct response message. Since September 2017, this has also been as part of a pilot program on WhatsApp. Airlines KLM and Aeroméxico both announced their participation in the testing;[32][33][34][35] both airlines had previously launched customer services on the Facebook Messenger platform. Jasper Chatbot is a specialist in STEM subjects, simplifying the complexities of mathematics and science.

Moreover, it was found that ECs facilitated collaboration among team members that indirectly influenced their ability to perform as a team. Nevertheless, affective-motivational learning outcomes such as perception of learning, need for cognition, motivation, and creative self-efficacy were not influenced by ECs. Henceforth, this study aims to add to the current body of knowledge on the design and development of EC by introducing a new collective design strategy and its pedagogical and practical implications. The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) chatbots in education has the potential to revolutionize how students learn and interact with information.

Duolingo, a popular language learning app, has integrated chatbots to help users practice conversational skills in various languages. Through interactive dialogs and simulated conversations, learners can improve their speaking, listening, and comprehension skills in a low-pressure environment. Scientific studies find that both student engagement and learners’ personality impact students’ online learning experience and outcomes. The challenge is how to engage with each student and deeply personalize their learning experience at scale to boost their learning outcomes. I borrowed the term “proudly artificial” from Lauren Kunze, the CEO of the chatbot platform Pandorabots. It would be unethical to use a chatbot to interact with students under false pretenses.

Chatbot adoption is especially crucial in online classes that include many students where individual support from educators to students is challenging (Winkler & Söllner, 2018). Moreover, chatbots may interact with students individually (Hobert & Meyer von Wolff, 2019) or support collaborative learning activities (Chaudhuri et al., 2009; Tegos et al., 2014; Kumar & Rose, 2010; Stahl, 2006; Walker et al., 2011). Chatbot interaction is achieved by applying text, speech, graphics, haptics, gestures, and other modes of communication to assist learners in performing educational tasks. In this section, we present the results of the reviewed articles, focusing on our research questions, particularly with regard to ChatGPT. ChatGPT, as one of the latest AI-powered chatbots, has gained significant attention for its potential applications in education.

Digital assistant integration significantly changes the way learners engage in studying processes, offering an array of benefits. While the benefits of chatbots in education are significant, there are challenges to consider. Developing a chatbot for educational services is as much about the frontend design as it is about the backend logic. We have extensive information on chatbot-related topics, such as how to automate contact information collection and how to maximize customer service potential. The versatility of chatbots allows for a range of applications in educational services. Adeel Akram, Senior Account Executive for respond.io, highlights the prominent use cases he encountered in the education field.

However, this study contributes more comprehensive evaluation details such as the number of participants, statistical values, findings, etc. Okonkwo and Ade-Ibijola (2021) discussed challenges and limitations of chatbots including ethical, programming, and maintenance issues. If you are ready to explore chatbots’ potential in the education sector, consider trying respond.io, a platform that revolutionizes customer communication. Education businesses like E4CC, Qobolak and CUHK have already seen success with respond.io. Educational services change regularly, and inaccuracies could lead to issues with students or potential learners.

• A conversational agent can hold a discussion with students in a variety of ways, ranging from spoken (Wik & Hjalmarsson, 2009) to text-based (Chaudhuri et al., 2009) to nonverbal (Wik & Hjalmarsson, 2009; Ruttkay & Pelachaud, 2006).
• In view of that, it is worth noting that the embodiment of ECs as a learning assistant does create openness in interaction and interpersonal relationships among peers, especially if the task were designed to facilitate these interactions.
• If they find tools complex or difficult to navigate, it may hinder their acceptance and application in educational settings.
• Octane AI ecommerce software offers branded, customizable quizzes for Shopify that collect contact information and recommend a set of products or content for customers.
• Go to claude.ai/login and sign in with an email address or Google account to access the Claude chatbot.

Another example is deepfake scams that have defrauded ordinary consumers out of millions of dollars — even using AI-manipulated videos of the tech baron Elon Musk himself. As AI systems become more sophisticated, they increasingly synchronize with human behaviors and emotions, leading to a significant shift in the relationship between humans and machines. While this evolution has the potential to reshape sectors from health care to customer service, it also introduces new risks, particularly for businesses that must navigate the complexities of AI anthropomorphism.

They can be used for self-quizzing to reinforce knowledge and prepare for exams. Furthermore, these chatbots facilitate flexible personalized learning, tailoring their teaching strategies to suit each student’s unique needs. Their interactive and conversational nature enhances student engagement and motivation, making learning more enjoyable and personalized.

This conversational chatbot platform offers seamless third-party integration with ecommerce platforms such as Shopify, automation platforms such as Zapier or its alternatives, and many more. This chatbot platform provides a conversational AI chatbot and NLP (Natural Language Processing) to help you with customer experience. You can also use a visual builder interface and Tidio chatbot templates when building your bot to see it grow with every input you make.

And if a user is unhappy and needs to speak to a real person, the transfer can happen seamlessly. Upon transfer, the live support agent can get the full chatbot conversation history. Jabberwacky learns new responses and context based on real-time user interactions, rather than being driven from a static database. Some more recent chatbots also combine real-time learning with evolutionary algorithms that optimize their ability to communicate based on each conversation held. Still, there is currently no general purpose conversational artificial intelligence, and some software developers focus on the practical aspect, information retrieval. ChatGPT is a versatile AI chatbot that shines in providing information and engaging in meaningful conversations.

Appy Pie Chatbot allows you to create your own education chatbot that revolutionizes personalized learning. Utilizing advanced adaptive learning algorithms, this chatbot provides tailored educational support to individual students, offering guidance across a diverse array of subjects. Whether it’s simplifying homework assignments or tackling intricate problems, Appy Pie Chatbot for Education ensures that learning is an enjoyable and customized experience, meeting the distinctive needs of every student.

It was also able to learn from its interactions with users, which made it more and more sophisticated over time. In 2011 Apple introduced Siri as a voice-activated personal assistant for its iPhone (Aron, 2011). Although not strictly a chatbot, Siri showcased the potential of conversational AI by understanding and responding to voice commands, performing tasks, and providing information. In the same year, IBM’s Watson gained fame by defeating human champions in the quiz show Jeopardy (Lally & Fodor, 2011).

The COVID-19 pandemic pushed educators and students out of their classrooms en masse. From one day to the next, instructors had to figure out how to teach in a distributed and chimeric space, in which their home office — or kitchen, or living room — was connected to the many home spaces (or coffee shops) where the students could find access to Wi-Fi. It was a great opportunity to be creative and figure out how to activate in-context learning, taking advantage of the unique spaces where the students were, and the wide world out there. At last, we could have missed articles that report an educational chatbot that could not be found in the selected search databases.